IBA High-Frequency Word List #10 (391-420)

#391 | Profile 🖋️
(Noun/Verb) – A detailed description of a person's or thing's characteristics, qualities, or features. In verb form, it means to describe or outline someone's characteristics.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Positive – Highlights key attributes, often used professionally or insightfully.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Business – Customer profiles help companies personalize marketing and improve product offerings.
✅ In Social Media & Networking – Online profiles serve to shape public perception and attract connections or clients.
✅ In Career Development – Professionals build profiles to emphasize their qualifications and career goals.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company developed a profile of their target demographic to enhance marketing efforts.
✅ His online profile was meticulously crafted to highlight his leadership skills.
✅ The police used a profile to narrow down potential suspects in the investigation.
Profiling 📝
(Noun/Verb) – The act of creating a detailed description or analysis of a person's or entity's characteristics or behaviors, often used to predict or understand future actions or tendencies.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Negative – Can be an analytical tool, but may also imply stereotyping or discrimination.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Business – Profiling helps companies analyze customer behavior and tailor marketing efforts.
✅ In Law Enforcement – Profiling is used to predict criminal behavior, though it can be controversial.
✅ In Employment – Profiling assists in hiring decisions but must be handled carefully to prevent bias.
Example Sentences:
✅ The team used customer profiling to improve their targeted ad campaigns.
✅ Investigators used profiling techniques to identify patterns in criminal behavior.
✅ The company’s hiring process involved profiling candidates based on their experience and skills.
#392 | Waver 🌊
(Verb) – To fluctuate or be indecisive, especially in opinions, decisions, or actions.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies a lack of firmness or certainty, suggesting hesitation or inconsistency.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Business – Indecisive leaders can create uncertainty, lowering team morale and hindering productivity.
✅ In Politics – Politicians who waver on critical issues risk losing trust and appearing unreliable.
✅ In Personal Life – Constant wavering can lead to missed opportunities and indecision.
Example Sentences:
✅ The CEO wavered on the company’s expansion plan, causing confusion within the team.
✅ His tendency to waver made it hard for the group to move forward with the decision.
✅ The politician’s wavering stance on the bill undermined his credibility among voters.
#393 | Obsolete 🕰️
[DU, IBA ’04-05, ’08-09]
(Adjective) – No longer in use or no longer useful, often due to being outdated or replaced by newer alternatives.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies being out of date, irrelevant, or no longer effective.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Technology – Obsolete products or systems are swiftly replaced by newer models, driving innovation and continual updates.
✅ In Business – Outdated processes or strategies can hinder a company’s ability to stay competitive.
✅ In Education – Traditional methods and materials may become obsolete as new, more effective approaches arise.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company replaced its obsolete software system with a more advanced version.
✅ Traditional marketing tactics are now considered obsolete in the digital era.
✅ The obsolete equipment in the factory was too costly to repair, necessitating an upgrade.
#394 | Uniform 👚
(Adjective) – Consistent, same, or unchanging in form or character across different instances or situations.
(Noun) – A standard set of clothing worn by members of an organization or group.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Positive – Can convey organization, orderliness, or equality.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Business & Corporates – A uniform policy or process ensures consistency and efficiency across teams.
✅ In Education – School uniforms promote equality, reduce distractions, and foster unity.
✅ In Fashion – Uniform designs help create a cohesive look for a brand or collection.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s uniform dress code ensured all employees presented a professional image.
✅ The school’s uniform policy aimed to reduce social pressures regarding clothing choices.
✅ The hotel chain prides itself on the uniform quality of service it provides to guests globally.
#395 | Faction 👥
(Noun) – A small group within a larger one, often with differing beliefs or interests.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Negative – Implies division or conflict, but not always harmful.
Implications in Context:
✅ Politics – Political factions create division but offer diverse viewpoints.
✅ Organizations – Internal factions may push for change, causing conflict.
✅ Literature/History – Factions represent competing groups for power.
Example Sentences:
✅ The political party split into factions with different visions.
✅ Factions within the company caused tension during restructuring.
✅ The novel focused on rival factions in a dystopian world.
#396 | Impending ⏳
(Adjective) – About to happen; imminent.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Negative – Suggests anticipation, often with worry or inevitability.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – Companies prepare for an impending economic downturn.
✅ Politics – Impending legislation creates uncertainty and debate.
✅ Personal Contexts – Impending change, like a job transition, causes anxiety or excitement.
Example Sentences:
✅ The impending merger caused concern about job security.
✅ Experts warned of the impending climate crisis and the need for action.
✅ With the impending deadline, the team worked tirelessly.
#397 | Imminent ⚡
(Adjective) – About to happen very soon; impending.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Negative – Suggests urgency or potential danger, close in time.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – An imminent product launch demands last-minute preparations.
✅ Politics – The imminent signing of a treaty signals diplomatic shifts.
✅ Crisis Management – Emergency teams act quickly when a disaster is imminent.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s imminent decision to expand excited investors.
✅ With imminent budget cuts, the department reassessed priorities.
✅ The imminent storm arrival prompted evacuation warnings for residents.
#398 | Emphatic 💬
[DU, IBA ’08-09; SAT May ’21 US]
(Adjective) – Expressing something forcefully and clearly; showing strong emphasis.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive to Neutral – Emphasizes strong conviction or confidence in communication.
Implications in Context:
✅ Leadership – An emphatic statement from a CEO can motivate employees.
✅ Marketing – Brands use emphatic language to highlight product benefits.
✅ Negotiations – An emphatic response signals a firm stance.
Example Sentences:
✅ The manager made an emphatic point about meeting deadlines.
✅ The politician's emphatic speech resonated with the audience.
✅ He gave an emphatic refusal when asked to reconsider.
#399 | Apex ⛰️
[DU, IBA ’08-09]
(Noun) – The highest point or peak of something; the culmination or zenith.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Represents achievement, success, or the pinnacle of an endeavor.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Business – Reaching the apex of industry leadership signifies dominance or excellence.
✅ In Careers – Achieving the apex of one’s profession means reaching a senior position.
✅ In Sports – An athlete reaching the apex of their career is at their peak performance.
Example Sentences:
✅ After years of dedication, the company reached the apex of technological innovation.
✅ His performance in the championship was the apex of his career.
✅ The CEO’s vision helped the company rise to the apex of the global market.
#400 | Fiasco 💥
(Noun) – A complete failure, often in a dramatic or humiliating way.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Indicates a significant and embarrassing failure, often with far-reaching consequences.
Implications in Context:
✅ In Business – A fiasco in a product launch or corporate event can harm a company's reputation.
✅ In Politics – A fiasco might refer to a poorly executed policy or public appearance that erodes public trust.
✅ In Personal Endeavors – A failed project or plan can lead to embarrassment or disappointment.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s latest product launch turned into a fiasco due to poor planning.
✅ The politician’s public address ended in a fiasco after several misstatements.
✅ The wedding, once planned to be grand, became a fiasco due to unforeseen issues.
#401 | Debacle ⚠️
[DU, IBA’08-09]
(Noun) – A sudden and humiliating failure or disaster.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Indicates a chaotic collapse, often from mismanagement or unforeseen issues.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Finance – A stock market crash or corporate scandal.
✅ Politics & Governance – A failed policy or disastrous election campaign.
✅ Events & Plans – A project, trip, or performance that falls apart.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s expansion became a debacle, leading to massive losses.
✅ The debate was a debacle, as the candidate struggled with key questions.
✅ The music festival turned into a debacle due to poor planning and overcrowding.
#402 | Assert 💬
[DU, IBA ’08-09; DU, IBA ’08-09; IBA JU ’15-16]
(Verb) – To state something confidently and forcefully.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Positive – Suggests confidence and authority but may seem aggressive in some cases.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Leadership – Leaders assert their vision to inspire teams.
✅ Legal & Politics – Lawyers assert rights in court; politicians assert policies in debates.
✅ Personal & Social – Clear assertion of opinions signals confidence.
Example Sentences:
✅ The CEO asserted that the company would recover despite financial struggles.
✅ The lawyer asserted his client’s innocence with compelling evidence.
✅ She asserted her independence through bold career choices.
#403 | Vex 😠
(Verb) – To annoy, frustrate, or worry someone, especially over trivial matters.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies irritation, distress, or persistent frustration.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Leadership – Poor communication can vex employees and reduce efficiency.
✅ Academics & Exams – Complex questions often vex students.
✅ Politics & Global Affairs – Controversial policies may vex the public.
Example Sentences:
✅ The manager’s vague instructions vexed the team, delaying the project.
✅ The professor’s cryptic feedback vexed students, leaving them confused.
✅ The new tax policy vexed small business owners struggling to comply.
#404 | Apprehensive 😟
[DU, IBA ’07-08, DU, IBA ’11 June; ]
(Adjective) – Feeling anxious or fearful about potential uncertainty or danger.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative to Neutral – Reflects worry, nervous anticipation, or caution.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Leadership – Employees may feel apprehensive about leadership changes.
✅ Academics & Exams – Students often feel apprehensive before major exams.
✅ Politics & Global Affairs – Investors become apprehensive during economic instability.
Example Sentences:
✅ Employees were apprehensive about the merger’s impact on their jobs.
✅ She felt apprehensive before presenting her thesis, despite preparing well.
✅ Global markets turned apprehensive after the government’s policy shift.
#405 | Appreciative 😊
(Adjective) – Feeling or showing gratitude and recognition for something received or experienced.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Reflects gratitude, acknowledgment, and respect for efforts or contributions.
Implications in Context:
✅ Leadership & Workplace – Appreciative managers boost employee motivation.
✅ Business & Client Relations – Valuing customer feedback fosters loyalty.
✅ Academics & Growth – Appreciating criticism shows maturity and willingness to improve.
Example Sentences:
✅ The CEO was appreciative of the team's dedication, publicly recognizing their efforts.
✅ Clients stay loyal to businesses that are appreciative of their long-term support.
✅ The professor’s appreciative response encouraged student participation in discussions.
#406 | Appreciate 🙏
(Verb) – To recognize the value or worth of something or someone, often with gratitude or admiration.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Reflects acknowledgment and gratitude for something valuable or important.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Negotiations – Appreciating team efforts fosters collaboration and trust.
✅ Customer Service & Marketing – Valuing customer feedback strengthens long-term relationships.
✅ Personal & Social Interactions – Appreciating others’ contributions builds respect and connection.
Example Sentences:
✅ The manager took a moment to appreciate the team’s hard work, reinforcing a culture of recognition.
✅ The startup founder appreciated the investor’s insight for helping scale the business.
✅ During the meeting, she appreciated the feedback, recognizing its potential to refine the project.
#407 | Jubilation 🎉
[SAT PB 2004-05]
(Noun) – A feeling or expression of great joy, celebration, or triumph.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Reflects immense happiness, festive energy, and collective achievement.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Corporate Success – Company milestones spark jubilation among employees.
✅ Academics & Exams – Graduation and exam success bring jubilation to students and families.
✅ Global Affairs & Politics – Political victories or peace resolutions lead to national jubilation.
Example Sentences:
✅ The team erupted in jubilation after securing the largest contract in company history.
✅ The students’ jubilation was evident when they received their acceptance letters.
✅ The city’s jubilation was palpable after the successful signing of a peace treaty.
#408 | Gleeful 😄
(Adjective) – Full of high-spirited joy or delight, often in a playful or mischievous way.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Reflects a cheerful, carefree attitude, sometimes with exuberance.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Customer Relations – A gleeful demeanor fosters warmth and rapport with clients.
✅ Leadership & Team Dynamics – Gleeful leaders boost team morale and enthusiasm.
✅ Academics & Education – A gleeful student approaches challenges with optimism.
Example Sentences:
✅ The gleeful atmosphere on launch day energized the entire office.
✅ Her gleeful reaction to the promotion showed her passion and dedication.
✅ As exams ended, students’ gleeful smiles reflected relief and accomplishment.
#409 | Amused 😆
(Adjective) – Finding something entertaining or funny, often with enjoyment.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Reflects light-hearted enjoyment, typically in response to humor or surprises.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Customer Engagement – Amusing ads can capture attention and build loyalty.
✅ Leadership & Workplace Culture – Leaders who use humor reduce stress and encourage creativity.
✅ Academics & Teaching – An amused response shows appreciation for critical thinking and engagement.
Example Sentences:
✅ The team was amused by the creative presentation, adding humor to the strategy meeting.
✅ The hiring manager was amused by the candidate’s witty answers, showcasing creativity.
✅ The professor was amused by the student’s clever approach, praising their originality.
#410 | Apologetic 🙇♂️
(Adjective) – Expressing regret or remorse for a mistake, often with the intent to make amends.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative to Neutral – Implies humility, regret, and the desire to resolve an issue, but may also signal defensiveness or insincerity.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Client Relations – Apologizing for service failures helps rebuild trust with clients.
✅ Leadership & Conflict Resolution – Apologetic leaders demonstrate accountability and transparency.
✅ Academics & Professional Growth – Being apologetic shows maturity and a willingness to learn from feedback.
Example Sentences:
✅ The manager sent an apologetic email after missing the project deadline, addressing the client’s concerns.
✅ His apologetic tone during the meeting reassured the team that corrective actions would follow.
✅ She was apologetic for her late submission, explaining the unforeseen challenges.
#411 | Abet 🛠️
(Verb) – To encourage or assist someone in doing something, typically wrong or unethical.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies morally questionable assistance, enabling undesirable actions.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Ethics – Abetting unethical practices like fraud can damage a company's reputation.
✅ Legal & Criminal Justice – Aiding and abetting crimes carries significant legal penalties.
✅ Academia & Professional Integrity – Encouraging dishonesty undermines institutional integrity.
Example Sentences:
✅ The board members were accused of abetting the CEO’s fraudulent activities by ignoring red flags.
✅ He was charged with abetting the criminal by providing false documents for the illegal transaction.
✅ The professor warned that abetting cheating would result in immediate expulsion.
#412 | Flippant 🤭
(Adjective) – Showing a lack of seriousness or respect, often in a carefree or dismissive manner.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies a lack of thoughtfulness or consideration, often viewed as inappropriate or disrespectful.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Professional Settings – Flippant remarks can damage credibility and professional relationships.
✅ Leadership & Communication – Leaders who are flippant may lose authority and respect.
✅ Academic & Social Contexts – Flippant comments can be seen as immature or lacking seriousness.
Example Sentences:
✅ His flippant comment about the project’s challenges angered the client, who expected a more thoughtful response.
✅ The manager’s flippant attitude toward employee concerns led to a decline in team morale.
✅ Her flippant response to the professor’s serious question left a negative impression in class.
#413 | Subterfuge 🕵️♂️
[Sonali Bank SO ‘14]
(Noun) – Deceptive strategies or actions used to achieve a goal, especially to evade detection or responsibility.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies dishonesty or trickery, often used to deceive for personal gain or to avoid accountability.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Corporate Ethics – Subterfuge can damage a company's reputation and lead to legal consequences.
✅ Legal & Political Arenas – Subterfuge is often used to manipulate situations or evade legal obligations.
✅ Personal & Professional Integrity – Resorting to subterfuge erodes trust and damages relationships.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company was fined for using subterfuge to conceal its financial instability from investors.
✅ The politician’s subterfuge in the debate misled voters, sparking public outrage.
✅ He was accused of using subterfuge to avoid paying taxes, leading to an investigation.
#414 | Enigma 🧩
(Noun) – A person, thing, or situation that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Intriguing – Suggests complexity and mystery, often evoking curiosity or intrigue.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Strategy – An enigma could refer to a competitor or market trend that’s hard to decipher, creating uncertainty.
✅ Technology & Innovation – An enigma might describe a disruptive product or idea challenging existing norms.
✅ Academia & Research – Unsolved problems or complex theories often drive further exploration and inquiry.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s new marketing strategy was an enigma to competitors, who struggled to understand its success.
✅ The enigma of the missing data led the researchers to reconsider their methodology and investigate further.
✅ The renowned physicist was known for unraveling scientific enigmas, expanding human understanding.
#415 | Inimical ⚔️
[BCS 17th]
(Adjective) – Hostile, unfriendly, or harmful, often with the intent to cause damage or hinder progress.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Implies opposition, antagonism, or an adverse influence, typically causing harm or conflict.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business & Competition – Inimical behaviors, like corporate sabotage, can damage a company’s reputation.
✅ Politics & International Relations – Inimical actions between nations can escalate conflicts and harm diplomacy.
✅ Law & Ethics – An inimical stance toward legal principles undermines justice and trust in the legal system.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s inimical approach to competition led to multiple legal battles over intellectual property theft.
✅ The senator’s inimical rhetoric created a divide, hindering productive discussion.
✅ The toxic work environment, driven by inimical attitudes, led to high employee turnover.
#416 | Syntax 📝
(Noun) – The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral – Technical but essential for clarity in communication.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – Proper syntax ensures clear business writing.
✅ Programming – Syntax errors can break programs.
✅ Linguistics – Syntax analysis aids in understanding language structure.
Example Sentences:
✅ The training program improved syntax in business writing.
✅ A small syntax error caused the program to crash.
✅ The linguist studied syntax to trace language evolution.
#417 | Exodus 🚶♂️
(Noun) – A mass departure of people from one place to another.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Negative – Often indicates migration due to necessity, crisis, or opportunity.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – A mass exodus of talent can signal dissatisfaction and impact retention efforts.
✅ Politics – Exodus due to oppression or unrest affects national stability.
✅ Humanitarian Crises – Exodus from disasters prompts global relief efforts.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company faced an exodus of executives post-merger.
✅ Political unrest sparked an exodus of citizens seeking safety.
✅ The floods caused an exodus of families, leading to a humanitarian crisis.
#418 | Tedium ⏳
(Noun) – The state of being dull, repetitive, or boring; a feeling of monotony.
Connotation:
🔹 Negative – Indicates frustration or weariness from lack of excitement or variety.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – Repetitive tasks may reduce employee morale and productivity.
✅ Customer Service – Monotonous content can lead to customer disengagement and loss of interest.
✅ Education – A repetitive curriculum can cause student disengagement, affecting performance.
Example Sentences:
✅ The employee’s tedium was clear, prompting a change in task assignments.
✅ The presentation turned into tedium for the audience, causing a loss of attention.
✅ The tedium of studying without breaks was overwhelming, but she persisted for exam success.
#419 | Sporadic 🌿
[BCS 31th]
(Adjective) – Occurring irregularly or infrequently; scattered or isolated in occurrence.
Connotation:
🔹 Neutral to Slightly Negative – Suggests inconsistency, which may indicate lack of organization.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – Sporadic sales or engagement may signal inefficiencies in marketing or business operations.
✅ Technology – Sporadic system failures could indicate issues that require resolution to prevent disruption.
✅ Academia – Sporadic research results may highlight the need for more thorough investigation.
Example Sentences:
✅ The company’s sporadic campaigns failed to build a consistent customer base.
✅ Sporadic system outages caused disruptions, prompting a network investigation.
✅ The scientist's experiments showed sporadic results, calling for further trials.
#420 | Apt 🧠
(Adjective) – Quick to learn or understand; naturally skilled.
Connotation:
🔹 Positive – Suggests sharpness and appropriateness.
Implications in Context:
✅ Business – An apt leader adapts quickly, making effective decisions.
✅ Education – An apt student excels with ease.
✅ Tech – An apt programmer learns new languages swiftly.
Example Sentences:
✅ The manager was apt at spotting improvement opportunities.
✅ She was an apt student, excelling in exams.
✅ His apt use of software increased productivity.
Reply