IBA High-Frequency Word List #10 (391-420)

#391 | Profile πŸ–‹οΈ

(Noun/Verb) – A detailed description of a person's or thing's characteristics, qualities, or features. In verb form, it means to describe or outline someone's characteristics.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Neutral to Positive – Highlights key attributes, often used professionally or insightfully.

Implications in Context:

βœ… In Business – Customer profiles help companies personalize marketing and improve product offerings.
βœ… In Social Media & Networking – Online profiles serve to shape public perception and attract connections or clients.
βœ… In Career Development – Professionals build profiles to emphasize their qualifications and career goals.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company developed a profile of their target demographic to enhance marketing efforts.
βœ… His online profile was meticulously crafted to highlight his leadership skills.
βœ… The police used a profile to narrow down potential suspects in the investigation.

Profiling πŸ“

(Noun/Verb) – The act of creating a detailed description or analysis of a person's or entity's characteristics or behaviors, often used to predict or understand future actions or tendencies.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Neutral to Negative – Can be an analytical tool, but may also imply stereotyping or discrimination.

Implications in Context:

βœ… In Business – Profiling helps companies analyze customer behavior and tailor marketing efforts.
βœ… In Law Enforcement – Profiling is used to predict criminal behavior, though it can be controversial.
βœ… In Employment – Profiling assists in hiring decisions but must be handled carefully to prevent bias.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The team used customer profiling to improve their targeted ad campaigns.
βœ… Investigators used profiling techniques to identify patterns in criminal behavior.
βœ… The company’s hiring process involved profiling candidates based on their experience and skills.

#392 | Waver 🌊

(Verb) – To fluctuate or be indecisive, especially in opinions, decisions, or actions.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies a lack of firmness or certainty, suggesting hesitation or inconsistency.

Implications in Context:

βœ… In Business – Indecisive leaders can create uncertainty, lowering team morale and hindering productivity.
βœ… In Politics – Politicians who waver on critical issues risk losing trust and appearing unreliable.
βœ… In Personal Life – Constant wavering can lead to missed opportunities and indecision.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The CEO wavered on the company’s expansion plan, causing confusion within the team.
βœ… His tendency to waver made it hard for the group to move forward with the decision.
βœ… The politician’s wavering stance on the bill undermined his credibility among voters.

#393 | Obsolete πŸ•°οΈ

[DU, IBA ’04-05, ’08-09]

(Adjective) – No longer in use or no longer useful, often due to being outdated or replaced by newer alternatives.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies being out of date, irrelevant, or no longer effective.

Implications in Context:

βœ… In Technology – Obsolete products or systems are swiftly replaced by newer models, driving innovation and continual updates.
βœ… In Business – Outdated processes or strategies can hinder a company’s ability to stay competitive.
βœ… In Education – Traditional methods and materials may become obsolete as new, more effective approaches arise.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company replaced its obsolete software system with a more advanced version.
βœ… Traditional marketing tactics are now considered obsolete in the digital era.
βœ… The obsolete equipment in the factory was too costly to repair, necessitating an upgrade.

#394 | Uniform πŸ‘š

(Adjective) – Consistent, same, or unchanging in form or character across different instances or situations.
(Noun) – A standard set of clothing worn by members of an organization or group.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Neutral to Positive – Can convey organization, orderliness, or equality.

Implications in Context:

βœ… In Business & Corporates – A uniform policy or process ensures consistency and efficiency across teams.
βœ… In Education – School uniforms promote equality, reduce distractions, and foster unity.
βœ… In Fashion – Uniform designs help create a cohesive look for a brand or collection.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company’s uniform dress code ensured all employees presented a professional image.
βœ… The school’s uniform policy aimed to reduce social pressures regarding clothing choices.
βœ… The hotel chain prides itself on the uniform quality of service it provides to guests globally.

#395 | Faction πŸ‘₯

(Noun) – A small group within a larger one, often with differing beliefs or interests.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Neutral to Negative – Implies division or conflict, but not always harmful.

Implications in Context:
βœ… Politics – Political factions create division but offer diverse viewpoints.
βœ… Organizations – Internal factions may push for change, causing conflict.
βœ… Literature/History – Factions represent competing groups for power.

Example Sentences:
βœ… The political party split into factions with different visions.
βœ… Factions within the company caused tension during restructuring.
βœ… The novel focused on rival factions in a dystopian world.

#396 | Impending ⏳

(Adjective) – About to happen; imminent.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Neutral to Negative – Suggests anticipation, often with worry or inevitability.

Implications in Context:
βœ… Business – Companies prepare for an impending economic downturn.
βœ… Politics – Impending legislation creates uncertainty and debate.
βœ… Personal Contexts – Impending change, like a job transition, causes anxiety or excitement.

Example Sentences:
βœ… The impending merger caused concern about job security.
βœ… Experts warned of the impending climate crisis and the need for action.
βœ… With the impending deadline, the team worked tirelessly.

#397 | Imminent ⚑

(Adjective) – About to happen very soon; impending.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Neutral to Negative – Suggests urgency or potential danger, close in time.

Implications in Context:
βœ… Business – An imminent product launch demands last-minute preparations.
βœ… Politics – The imminent signing of a treaty signals diplomatic shifts.
βœ… Crisis Management – Emergency teams act quickly when a disaster is imminent.

Example Sentences:
βœ… The company’s imminent decision to expand excited investors.
βœ… With imminent budget cuts, the department reassessed priorities.
βœ… The imminent storm arrival prompted evacuation warnings for residents.

#398 | Emphatic πŸ’¬

[DU, IBA ’08-09; SAT May ’21 US]

(Adjective) – Expressing something forcefully and clearly; showing strong emphasis.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Positive to Neutral – Emphasizes strong conviction or confidence in communication.

Implications in Context:
βœ… Leadership – An emphatic statement from a CEO can motivate employees.
βœ… Marketing – Brands use emphatic language to highlight product benefits.
βœ… Negotiations – An emphatic response signals a firm stance.

Example Sentences:
βœ… The manager made an emphatic point about meeting deadlines.
βœ… The politician's emphatic speech resonated with the audience.
βœ… He gave an emphatic refusal when asked to reconsider.

#399 | Apex ⛰️

[DU, IBA ’08-09]

(Noun) – The highest point or peak of something; the culmination or zenith.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Positive – Represents achievement, success, or the pinnacle of an endeavor.

Implications in Context:
βœ… In Business – Reaching the apex of industry leadership signifies dominance or excellence.
βœ… In Careers – Achieving the apex of one’s profession means reaching a senior position.
βœ… In Sports – An athlete reaching the apex of their career is at their peak performance.

Example Sentences:
βœ… After years of dedication, the company reached the apex of technological innovation.
βœ… His performance in the championship was the apex of his career.
βœ… The CEO’s vision helped the company rise to the apex of the global market.

#400 | Fiasco πŸ’₯

(Noun) – A complete failure, often in a dramatic or humiliating way.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Negative – Indicates a significant and embarrassing failure, often with far-reaching consequences.

Implications in Context:
βœ… In Business – A fiasco in a product launch or corporate event can harm a company's reputation.
βœ… In Politics – A fiasco might refer to a poorly executed policy or public appearance that erodes public trust.
βœ… In Personal Endeavors – A failed project or plan can lead to embarrassment or disappointment.

Example Sentences:
βœ… The company’s latest product launch turned into a fiasco due to poor planning.
βœ… The politician’s public address ended in a fiasco after several misstatements.
βœ… The wedding, once planned to be grand, became a fiasco due to unforeseen issues.

#401 | Debacle ⚠️

[DU, IBA’08-09]

(Noun) – A sudden and humiliating failure or disaster.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Indicates a chaotic collapse, often from mismanagement or unforeseen issues.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Finance – A stock market crash or corporate scandal.
βœ… Politics & Governance – A failed policy or disastrous election campaign.
βœ… Events & Plans – A project, trip, or performance that falls apart.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company’s expansion became a debacle, leading to massive losses.
βœ… The debate was a debacle, as the candidate struggled with key questions.
βœ… The music festival turned into a debacle due to poor planning and overcrowding.

#402 | Assert πŸ’¬

[DU, IBA ’08-09; DU, IBA ’08-09; IBA JU ’15-16]

(Verb) – To state something confidently and forcefully.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Neutral to Positive – Suggests confidence and authority but may seem aggressive in some cases.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Leadership – Leaders assert their vision to inspire teams.
βœ… Legal & Politics – Lawyers assert rights in court; politicians assert policies in debates.
βœ… Personal & Social – Clear assertion of opinions signals confidence.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The CEO asserted that the company would recover despite financial struggles.
βœ… The lawyer asserted his client’s innocence with compelling evidence.
βœ… She asserted her independence through bold career choices.

#403 | Vex 😠

(Verb) – To annoy, frustrate, or worry someone, especially over trivial matters.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies irritation, distress, or persistent frustration.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Leadership – Poor communication can vex employees and reduce efficiency.
βœ… Academics & Exams – Complex questions often vex students.
βœ… Politics & Global Affairs – Controversial policies may vex the public.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The manager’s vague instructions vexed the team, delaying the project.
βœ… The professor’s cryptic feedback vexed students, leaving them confused.
βœ… The new tax policy vexed small business owners struggling to comply.

#404 | Apprehensive 😟

[DU, IBA ’07-08, DU, IBA ’11 June; ]

(Adjective) – Feeling anxious or fearful about potential uncertainty or danger.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative to Neutral – Reflects worry, nervous anticipation, or caution.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Leadership – Employees may feel apprehensive about leadership changes.
βœ… Academics & Exams – Students often feel apprehensive before major exams.
βœ… Politics & Global Affairs – Investors become apprehensive during economic instability.

Example Sentences:

βœ… Employees were apprehensive about the merger’s impact on their jobs.
βœ… She felt apprehensive before presenting her thesis, despite preparing well.
βœ… Global markets turned apprehensive after the government’s policy shift.

#405 | Appreciative 😊

(Adjective) – Feeling or showing gratitude and recognition for something received or experienced.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Positive – Reflects gratitude, acknowledgment, and respect for efforts or contributions.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Leadership & Workplace – Appreciative managers boost employee motivation.
βœ… Business & Client Relations – Valuing customer feedback fosters loyalty.
βœ… Academics & Growth – Appreciating criticism shows maturity and willingness to improve.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The CEO was appreciative of the team's dedication, publicly recognizing their efforts.
βœ… Clients stay loyal to businesses that are appreciative of their long-term support.
βœ… The professor’s appreciative response encouraged student participation in discussions.

#406 | Appreciate πŸ™

(Verb) – To recognize the value or worth of something or someone, often with gratitude or admiration.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Positive – Reflects acknowledgment and gratitude for something valuable or important.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Negotiations – Appreciating team efforts fosters collaboration and trust.
βœ… Customer Service & Marketing – Valuing customer feedback strengthens long-term relationships.
βœ… Personal & Social Interactions – Appreciating others’ contributions builds respect and connection.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The manager took a moment to appreciate the team’s hard work, reinforcing a culture of recognition.
βœ… The startup founder appreciated the investor’s insight for helping scale the business.
βœ… During the meeting, she appreciated the feedback, recognizing its potential to refine the project.

#407 | Jubilation πŸŽ‰

[SAT PB 2004-05]

(Noun) – A feeling or expression of great joy, celebration, or triumph.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Positive – Reflects immense happiness, festive energy, and collective achievement.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Corporate Success – Company milestones spark jubilation among employees.
βœ… Academics & Exams – Graduation and exam success bring jubilation to students and families.
βœ… Global Affairs & Politics – Political victories or peace resolutions lead to national jubilation.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The team erupted in jubilation after securing the largest contract in company history.
βœ… The students’ jubilation was evident when they received their acceptance letters.
βœ… The city’s jubilation was palpable after the successful signing of a peace treaty.

#408 | Gleeful πŸ˜„

(Adjective) – Full of high-spirited joy or delight, often in a playful or mischievous way.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Positive – Reflects a cheerful, carefree attitude, sometimes with exuberance.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Customer Relations – A gleeful demeanor fosters warmth and rapport with clients.
βœ… Leadership & Team Dynamics – Gleeful leaders boost team morale and enthusiasm.
βœ… Academics & Education – A gleeful student approaches challenges with optimism.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The gleeful atmosphere on launch day energized the entire office.
βœ… Her gleeful reaction to the promotion showed her passion and dedication.
βœ… As exams ended, students’ gleeful smiles reflected relief and accomplishment.

#409 | Amused πŸ˜†

(Adjective) – Finding something entertaining or funny, often with enjoyment.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Positive – Reflects light-hearted enjoyment, typically in response to humor or surprises.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Customer Engagement – Amusing ads can capture attention and build loyalty.
βœ… Leadership & Workplace Culture – Leaders who use humor reduce stress and encourage creativity.
βœ… Academics & Teaching – An amused response shows appreciation for critical thinking and engagement.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The team was amused by the creative presentation, adding humor to the strategy meeting.
βœ… The hiring manager was amused by the candidate’s witty answers, showcasing creativity.
βœ… The professor was amused by the student’s clever approach, praising their originality.

#410 | Apologetic πŸ™‡β€β™‚οΈ

(Adjective) – Expressing regret or remorse for a mistake, often with the intent to make amends.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative to Neutral – Implies humility, regret, and the desire to resolve an issue, but may also signal defensiveness or insincerity.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Client Relations – Apologizing for service failures helps rebuild trust with clients.
βœ… Leadership & Conflict Resolution – Apologetic leaders demonstrate accountability and transparency.
βœ… Academics & Professional Growth – Being apologetic shows maturity and a willingness to learn from feedback.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The manager sent an apologetic email after missing the project deadline, addressing the client’s concerns.
βœ… His apologetic tone during the meeting reassured the team that corrective actions would follow.
βœ… She was apologetic for her late submission, explaining the unforeseen challenges.

#411 | Abet πŸ› οΈ

(Verb) – To encourage or assist someone in doing something, typically wrong or unethical.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies morally questionable assistance, enabling undesirable actions.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Ethics – Abetting unethical practices like fraud can damage a company's reputation.
βœ… Legal & Criminal Justice – Aiding and abetting crimes carries significant legal penalties.
βœ… Academia & Professional Integrity – Encouraging dishonesty undermines institutional integrity.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The board members were accused of abetting the CEO’s fraudulent activities by ignoring red flags.
βœ… He was charged with abetting the criminal by providing false documents for the illegal transaction.
βœ… The professor warned that abetting cheating would result in immediate expulsion.

#412 | Flippant 🀭

(Adjective) – Showing a lack of seriousness or respect, often in a carefree or dismissive manner.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies a lack of thoughtfulness or consideration, often viewed as inappropriate or disrespectful.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Professional Settings – Flippant remarks can damage credibility and professional relationships.
βœ… Leadership & Communication – Leaders who are flippant may lose authority and respect.
βœ… Academic & Social Contexts – Flippant comments can be seen as immature or lacking seriousness.

Example Sentences:

βœ… His flippant comment about the project’s challenges angered the client, who expected a more thoughtful response.
βœ… The manager’s flippant attitude toward employee concerns led to a decline in team morale.
βœ… Her flippant response to the professor’s serious question left a negative impression in class.

#413 | Subterfuge πŸ•΅οΈβ€β™‚οΈ

[Sonali Bank SO β€˜14]

(Noun) – Deceptive strategies or actions used to achieve a goal, especially to evade detection or responsibility.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies dishonesty or trickery, often used to deceive for personal gain or to avoid accountability.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Corporate Ethics – Subterfuge can damage a company's reputation and lead to legal consequences.
βœ… Legal & Political Arenas – Subterfuge is often used to manipulate situations or evade legal obligations.
βœ… Personal & Professional Integrity – Resorting to subterfuge erodes trust and damages relationships.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company was fined for using subterfuge to conceal its financial instability from investors.
βœ… The politician’s subterfuge in the debate misled voters, sparking public outrage.
βœ… He was accused of using subterfuge to avoid paying taxes, leading to an investigation.

#414 | Enigma 🧩

(Noun) – A person, thing, or situation that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Neutral to Intriguing – Suggests complexity and mystery, often evoking curiosity or intrigue.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Strategy – An enigma could refer to a competitor or market trend that’s hard to decipher, creating uncertainty.
βœ… Technology & Innovation – An enigma might describe a disruptive product or idea challenging existing norms.
βœ… Academia & Research – Unsolved problems or complex theories often drive further exploration and inquiry.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company’s new marketing strategy was an enigma to competitors, who struggled to understand its success.
βœ… The enigma of the missing data led the researchers to reconsider their methodology and investigate further.
βœ… The renowned physicist was known for unraveling scientific enigmas, expanding human understanding.

#415 | Inimical βš”οΈ

[BCS 17th]

(Adjective) – Hostile, unfriendly, or harmful, often with the intent to cause damage or hinder progress.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Implies opposition, antagonism, or an adverse influence, typically causing harm or conflict.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business & Competition – Inimical behaviors, like corporate sabotage, can damage a company’s reputation.
βœ… Politics & International Relations – Inimical actions between nations can escalate conflicts and harm diplomacy.
βœ… Law & Ethics – An inimical stance toward legal principles undermines justice and trust in the legal system.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company’s inimical approach to competition led to multiple legal battles over intellectual property theft.
βœ… The senator’s inimical rhetoric created a divide, hindering productive discussion.
βœ… The toxic work environment, driven by inimical attitudes, led to high employee turnover.

#416 | Syntax πŸ“

(Noun) – The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Neutral – Technical but essential for clarity in communication.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business – Proper syntax ensures clear business writing.
βœ… Programming – Syntax errors can break programs.
βœ… Linguistics – Syntax analysis aids in understanding language structure.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The training program improved syntax in business writing.
βœ… A small syntax error caused the program to crash.
βœ… The linguist studied syntax to trace language evolution.

#417 | Exodus πŸšΆβ€β™‚οΈ

(Noun) – A mass departure of people from one place to another.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Neutral to Negative – Often indicates migration due to necessity, crisis, or opportunity.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business – A mass exodus of talent can signal dissatisfaction and impact retention efforts.
βœ… Politics – Exodus due to oppression or unrest affects national stability.
βœ… Humanitarian Crises – Exodus from disasters prompts global relief efforts.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company faced an exodus of executives post-merger.
βœ… Political unrest sparked an exodus of citizens seeking safety.
βœ… The floods caused an exodus of families, leading to a humanitarian crisis.

#418 | Tedium ⏳

(Noun) – The state of being dull, repetitive, or boring; a feeling of monotony.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Negative – Indicates frustration or weariness from lack of excitement or variety.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business – Repetitive tasks may reduce employee morale and productivity.
βœ… Customer Service – Monotonous content can lead to customer disengagement and loss of interest.
βœ… Education – A repetitive curriculum can cause student disengagement, affecting performance.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The employee’s tedium was clear, prompting a change in task assignments.
βœ… The presentation turned into tedium for the audience, causing a loss of attention.
βœ… The tedium of studying without breaks was overwhelming, but she persisted for exam success.

#419 | Sporadic 🌿

[BCS 31th]

(Adjective) – Occurring irregularly or infrequently; scattered or isolated in occurrence.

Connotation:

πŸ”Ή Neutral to Slightly Negative – Suggests inconsistency, which may indicate lack of organization.

Implications in Context:

βœ… Business – Sporadic sales or engagement may signal inefficiencies in marketing or business operations.
βœ… Technology – Sporadic system failures could indicate issues that require resolution to prevent disruption.
βœ… Academia – Sporadic research results may highlight the need for more thorough investigation.

Example Sentences:

βœ… The company’s sporadic campaigns failed to build a consistent customer base.
βœ… Sporadic system outages caused disruptions, prompting a network investigation.
βœ… The scientist's experiments showed sporadic results, calling for further trials.

#420 | Apt 🧠

(Adjective) – Quick to learn or understand; naturally skilled.

Connotation:
πŸ”Ή Positive – Suggests sharpness and appropriateness.

Implications in Context:
βœ… Business – An apt leader adapts quickly, making effective decisions.
βœ… Education – An apt student excels with ease.
βœ… Tech – An apt programmer learns new languages swiftly.

Example Sentences:
βœ… The manager was apt at spotting improvement opportunities.
βœ… She was an apt student, excelling in exams.
βœ… His apt use of software increased productivity.

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