IBA High-Frequency Word List #4 (76-100)

#76 | shun 🚫 

IBA DU MBA June 2013; Official SAT Oct 2013

(verb)- deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something; involves rejecting or avoiding something because of disapproval or fear; exclusion, rejection, or avoidance, often due to social disapproval or moral reasons; strong and intentional act of avoidance; avoid; eschew; evade; ostracize

Many people shun fast food for health reasons. 

She decided to shun negative influences and focus on her goals.

He was shunned by his peers after the scandal. 

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#77 | abundant 🌾

Official SAT Oct 2013, May 2021 US

(adjective)- existing or available in large quantities; having more than enough of something; copious; profuse; plentiful; ample; bountiful

Opportunities for growth were abundant in the thriving tech industry.

The noun form is abundance. The garden was filled with an abundance of vibrant flowers in every color.

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#78 | elation 😄

IBA DU MBA June 2012

(noun)- a feeling or great joy, excitement, or happiness; describing an emotional high, often resulting from success, achievement, or positive events; euphoria; exhilaration; jubilation; bliss

She felt a sense of elation after hearing the news of her promotion. 

To feel elation is to be elated To cause to feel elated is to elate

After rowing across the Pacific Ocean in a bathtub, I felt elated

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#79 | epiphany 💡✨

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- a sudden realization, insight, or understanding about something important, often accompanied by clarity and a transformative effect. It can also refer to a divine revelation or an intuitive grasp of a deeper truth.

She had an epiphany about her career path while watching a documentary about climate change.

It was during the road trip that he had an epiphany: happiness isn’t about money, but experiences and connections.

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#80 | adversity 🌪️💪 

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- difficulties, misfortunes, or challenging situations that test a person's strength, resilience, or ability to cope. It often involves hardships or unfavorable circumstances.

Connotation: Negative, as it involves struggle or hardship, but it can have a positive undertone when referring to overcoming challenges.

Despite facing significant adversity, she managed to graduate with honors.

The nation showed resilience in the face of economic adversity.

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#81 | aversion 🙅‍♂️💔 

IBA DU MBA Dec 2016, June 2017, Dec 2017; BBA 2017-18, 2019-20

(noun)- a strong dislike or unwillingness toward something or someone. It often implies a feeling of discomfort, repulsion, or avoidance when faced with the object of dislike.

Connotation: Negative, as it highlights dislike, discomfort, or unwillingness.

She has a strong aversion to spicy foods and avoids them completely.

His aversion to public speaking made him nervous at the thought of presenting.

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 #82 | avert 🛑👀

IBA DU MBA 2008-09; BBA 2009-10, 2019-20

(verb)- to prevent something undesirable from happening or to turn away one’s eyes, thoughts, or attention from something.

Quick thinking by the driver helped avert a major accident.

She averted her eyes from the gruesome scene in the movie.

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#83 | bolster 🛏️📈

IBA DU BBA 2013-14; Official SAT Practice Test 2012-13

(verb + noun)- to strengthen, support, or reinforce something, whether it's an idea, argument, confidence, or physical object; fortify; boost

It can be used both literally (e.g., adding physical support) and figuratively (e.g., providing encouragement or reinforcement). 

The coach's encouraging words helped to bolster the team's confidence before the game. 

She provided more evidence to bolster her argument in the debate. 

The government introduced new policies to bolster the economy during the recession.

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#84 | insinuate

IBA DU BBA 2014-15, 2016-17; Official SAT Practice Test 2012-13

(verb)- to suggest or hint at something indirectly, often in a sly (cunning, deceitful) or subtle way; allude; insert 

It can also mean to gradually introduce or insert oneself into a situation or group. Depending on context, it often implies subtlety, manipulation, or a lack of openness. 

He tried to insinuate that she was to blame for the mistake without directly accusing her. [Hinting]

The politician insinuated doubts about his opponent's honesty during the debate. [Manipulative Context]

She skillfully insinuated herself into the group by offering help with their project. [Gradual Involvement]

The ad insinuated that their product was superior without explicitly stating it. [Subtle Communication] 

To insinuate is to make an insinuation.

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#85 | stringent 📏

IBA DU BBA 2017-18; Official SAT Practice Test 2012-13

(adjective)- something that is strict, precise, and demanding, often used to describe rules, regulations, or conditions that must be closely followed or adhered to; exacting 

The company must comply with the stringent environmental regulations to continue operations.

The bank imposed stringent conditions for loan approval. 

The airline has stringent security checks to ensure passenger safety. 

The professor's grading criteria were extremely stringent, allowing no room for error.

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 #86 | apportion  🔄

IBA DU BBA 2014-15; Official SAT Practice Test 2012-13

(verb)- allocate; distribute; to divide something among multiple people or groups, often based on specific criteria or proportions; assign; allot

The profits were apportioned among the shareholders according to their investments.

The teacher apportioned the class into groups for the project.

The government plans to apportion funds based on the needs of each region.

It's important to apportion responsibility fairly in team projects to avoid conflicts. 

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives is based on the population of each state. 

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#87 | discern 🛑

IBA DU BBA 2013-14

(verb)- to perceive, recognize, or distinguish something, often with careful observation or insight

It involves identifying or understanding something, especially when it is not immediately obvious. 

He could discern a faint smile on her face, suggesting she was pleased with the news. 

It takes experience to discern the true intentions behind someone's words. 

She was able to discern the slight variation in color between the two fabrics. 

The teacher could easily discern which students were genuinely interested and which were pretending to pay attention.

Indiscernible refers to something that cannot be seen, identified, or distinguished clearly. It describes something that is unclear, hidden, or difficult to perceive, either physically or figuratively. 

The motives behind his actions were indiscernible, leaving everyone puzzled. 

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#88 | vague 🌫️  

IBA DU BBA 2016-17

(adjective)- unclear or not well defined; something that lacks detail, precision, or clarity, making it difficult to understand or interpret; uncertainty or ambiguity, which can lead to confusion 

Her explanation was so vague that I still don't understand the concept. 

He gave a vague answer when asked about his plans for the weekend. 

The directions were vague, so we got lost on our way. 

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#89 | discordant 🎵❌ (-)

IBA DU BBA 2015-16

(adjective)- lacking harmony or agreement, often referring to sounds that clash unpleasantly or ideas and opinions that are at odds with each other; disharmony; jarring or dissonant quality

The discordant notes in the music made the audience wince.

Their discordant views on the project led to frequent arguments. 

The bright colors on the painting were discordant, clashing rather than complementing each other. 

Note that there is no such word as "disaccordant"; it's discordant and discordantly. Another word is concordant and concordantly, which means in agreement or consistent. 

The answers were roughly concordant

Accordant means agreeing or compatible. 

I found the music accordant with the words of the service. 

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#90 | divisive ⚖️ (-)

IBA DU MBA June 2012

(adjective)- tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people 

The highly divisive issue of abortion.

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#91 | clement 🌤️ (+)

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(adjective)- being mild, merciful, or lenient, especially in terms of weather or someone's personality

It describes behavior or conditions that are gentle and not harsh. It carries a sense of mildness, kindness, and fairness, whether referring to someone's nature or external conditions like weather. 

The judge was praised for being clement toward the first-time offenders, offering them opportunities for rehabilitation. 

We enjoyed a week of clement weather, perfect for outdoor activities. 

The teacher was clement with the students who struggled with the assignment, giving them extra time to complete it. 

clemency ✌️ (+)

(noun)- showing mercy or leniency, especially by someone in a position of authority, such as a judge or ruler, when reducing punishment or granting forgiveness; mercy; forgiveness; leniency; compassion; pardon

It suggests kindness, compassion, and a willingness to forgive, especially in situations where punishment or strict judgement could be applied. 

The president granted clemency to the convicted individual, sparing him the full extent of the law. 

The judge was known for her clemency, often opting for rehabilitation over long prison sentences. 

In her final appeal, the defendant's lawyer asked the court for clemency, hoping for a reduced sentence. 

Inclement (-)

Mild weather is called clement weather, whereas bad weather is called inclement. It refers to weather that is harsh, stormy, or unpleasant. 

The debate tournament was canceled due to inclement weather. 

It can also describe someone or something that is not merciful or is severe in action or behavior: someone who is cruel.

The judge was known for her inclement rulings, often giving the maximum sentence. 

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 #92 | feeble🦠 (-)

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(adjective)- lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness; (of a sound) faint; lacking strength of character; failing to convince or impress

It is often used to describe physical weakness or something that is insufficient or lacking force, such as a "feeble attempt,"  "feeble excuse," or "feeble argument."

His voice was feeble after being sick for days.

The team's efforts were too feeble to win the game.  

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#93 | transient ⏳

IBA DU BBA 2017-18; BCS 36th

(adjective + noun)- not staying for a long time, only for brief time; things that are temporary or fleeting, often coming and going quickly

The storm was transient, clearing up after a few hours. 

She enjoyed the transient beauty of the sunset. 

Customers of hotels are transient; they do not stay in hotels permanently. A transient person is sometimes called a transient. Homeless people are often called transients

The transient breeze provided some relief from the summer heat, but we were soon perspiring (sweating) again. 

Transitory means temporary or short-lived. 

The joy from winning the game was transitory, fading quickly.

Their meeting was transitory, lasting just a few minutes. 

Transitoriness also means temporary. 

The transitoriness of life makes every moment precious. 

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#94 | forebode ⚠️ (-)

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(verb)- to give a sense of something bad or negative that is about to happen; a feeling or indication of future misfortune or danger; to be a warning or omen with a sense of dread or anxiety; portend 

Dark clouds may forebode an upcoming storm.

In some cases, forebode means to predict or foretell something bad. 

A foreboding is the feeling that something bad is about to happen. 

Shama had a foreboding that the decision would lead to disaster. 

Bode means to be an indication or sign of something that is likely to happen in the future. It can be used in both positive (+) or negative (-) contexts, although it is more commonly associated with negative outcomes (-).

The clear skies bode well for a good day. [Positive]

His silence bodes ill for their relationship. [Negative]

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#95 | ambiguous ❓

IBA DU MBA Dec 2011, Dec 2016; BBA 2017-18

(adjective)- unclear in meaning; confusing; capable of being interpreted in different ways

We listened to the weather report, but the forecast was ambiguous; we couldn’t tell if the day was going to be rainy or sunny. 

The poem we read in English class was ambiguous; no one had any idea what the poet was trying to say.

The noun is AMBIGUITY.

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#96 | equivocal 🎭

IBA DU BBA 2015-16, 2017-18

(adjective)- AMBIGUOUS; intentionally confusing; capable of being interpreted in more than one way; mistaken 

Ambiguous means unclear. To be equivocal is to be intentionally ambiguous. Joe’s response was equivocal; we couldn’t tell whether he meant yes or no, which is precisely what Joe wanted. 

The doctor’s equivocal diagnosis made us think that he had no idea what Mrs. Johnson had.

To be equivocal is to be EQUIVOCATE. To equivocate is to mislead by saying confusing or ambiguous things. When we asked Harry whether that was his car that was parked in the middle of the hardware store, he equivocated and asked, “In which aisle?” 

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#97 | abstruse 🔮 

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(adjective)- hard to understand; profound; OBSCURE 

The professor’s article, on the meaning of meaning was very abstruse. Michael couldn’t even pronounce the words in it. 

Nuclear physics is a subject that is too abstruse for most people. 

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#98 | obtuse 🐢

IBA DU BBA 2014-15, 2017-18; MBA Dec 2016

(adjective)- insensitive; blockheaded; dull; blunt; INSIPID

Mabel was so obtuse that she didn’t realize for several days that Carl had asked her to marry him. 

The obtuse student couldn’t seem to grasp the difference between addition and subtraction. 

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#99 | sacrilege 🛑

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- a violation of something sacred; blasphemy

The minister committed the sacrilege of delivering his sermon while wearing his golf shoes; he didn’t want to be late for his tee-off time, which was just a few minutes after the scheduled end of the service. 

The members of the fundamentalist sect believed that dancing, going to movies, and watching television were sacrileges.

To commit a sacrilege is to be SACRILEGIOUS

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#100 | fastidious🧐

IBA DU BBA 2004-05, 2017-18; MBA June 2017

(adjective)- PAINSTAKING; METICULOUS (very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail); demanding; finicky; matters of cleanliness; extremely careful; very exacting

Mrs. Brown was a fastidious housekeeper; she cleaned up our crumbs almost before they hit the floor. 

Jeb was so fastidious in his work habits that he needed neither a wastebasket nor an eraser.

The fastidious secretary was nearly driven mad by her boss, who used the floor as a file cabinet and his desk as a pantry. 

The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios in Florida is a meticulous recreation of Hogwarts castle and nearby Hogsmeade village. The park’s designers spared no expense to painstakingly recreate such iconic rooms as Dumbledore’s office and the Defense Against the Dark Arts classroom. ENTHRALLED (fascinated) visitors can sample butterbeer and even purchase a wand at Ollivander’s Wand Shop.

A fastidious person takes meticulousness to the next level by being overparticular and EXACTING (making great demands on one’s skill, attention, or other resources). Many car owners are fastidious about keeping their cars spotless.

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