#101 | petrichor 🌧️

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- a pleasant smell that frequently accompanies the first rain after a long period of warm, dry weather.

Other than the petrichor emanating (spread out) from the rapidly drying grass, there was not a trace of evidence that it had rained at all.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#102 | piquancy 🌶️

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- a pleasantly sharp and appetizing flavor; spiciness; the quality of being pleasantly stimulating or exciting; interest 

The tangy soy dip gave them a slightly Asian piquancy.

The tragedy only adds piquancy to the tale.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#103 | morale 🎉

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(noun)- the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group at a particular time.

The team’s morale was high. 

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#104 | adulation 👏

(noun)- wild or excessive admiration; flattery 

The boss thrived on the adulation of his scheming secretary. [adulation “of”]

The rock star grew to abhor the adulation of his fans.

There is a note of insincerity in adulation; as there is in flattery.

The verb is ADULATE. 

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#105 | assiduous 📚

IBA JU 2019-20

(adjective)- hardworking; busy; quite DILIGENT 

The workers were assiduous in their effort to get nothing done; instead of working, they drank coffee all day long.

Wendell was the only assiduous student in the entire math class; all the other students had to copy their homework from him. 

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#106 | tenacious 🦾

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(adjective)- someone or something that is determined, persistent, and not easily giving up. It can also refer to something that is tightly held or difficult to separate or remove.

She is a tenacious worker who never gives up, even when faced with challenges.

The dog had a tenacious grip on the toy and refused to let go.

His tenacious pursuit of knowledge led to groundbreaking discoveries in the field.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#107 | perseverance 🧗 (+)

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(noun)- the quality of continuing to strive, work, or persist toward a goal despite facing difficulties, obstacles, or delays. It reflects determination and resilience over an extended period.

Connotation: Positive, as it conveys strength, persistence, and dedication to achieving success.

Her perseverance in the face of rejection eventually led to her dream job.

Through sheer perseverance, he completed his degree while working two jobs.

persevere 🛠️✨

Despite numerous setbacks, she decided to persevere and eventually completed her marathon.

persevering 🛠️💡

Her persevering nature helped her overcome obstacles that others might have given up on.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#108 | endure 💪⏳

IBA DU BBA 2017-18

(verb)- suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently; remain in existence; last 

It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.

These cities have endured through time.  

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#109 | accolade 🏅(+)

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- an award, honor, or expression of praise given to recognize achievement, merit, or excellence. It can also signify approval or acknowledgment.

The scientist received the highest accolade for her groundbreaking research in renewable energy.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#110 | shambles 🌀 (-)

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(noun)- a state of disorder, chaos, or destruction. It can describe a place, situation, or system that is extremely messy, disorganized, or in ruins.

After the party, the living room was left in shambles, with cups and plates scattered everywhere.

Related Phrases:

In shambles: To be in a state of disrepair or disarray.

The plan was in shambles after key members of the team quit.

Turn into shambles: To devolve into a chaotic or messy situation.

What started as a peaceful protest quickly turned into shambles.

Complete Shambles: Emphasizes the extent of disorder or failure.

After the technical failure, the concert was a complete shambles.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#111 | shamble 🧟

(verb + noun)- moving with a slow, awkward, or unsteady gait, often as if dragging the feet. It can describe the physical act of walking clumsily or, metaphorically, a disorganized or chaotic state.

He shambled into the room, clearly exhausted after the long day.

The meeting shambled on without a clear agenda, leaving everyone frustrated.

The zombie moved in a slow, awkward shamble, its footsteps echoing in the empty hallway.

Related Phrases:

Shamble along: To move awkwardly and unsteadily.

The lost dog shambled along the street, looking for its owner.

Zombie shamble: A slow, unsteady, dragging walk often associated with zombies in media.

The actors practiced their zombie shamble for the horror movie scene.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#112 | refulgent 🌟 (+)

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

(adjective)- something that is shining brightly, radiating light, or glowing with brilliance. It is often used in a poetic or elevated context to signify splendor or dazzling brightness.

The setting sun cast a refulgent glow across the ocean, painting the waves in shades of gold.

Her smile was refulgent, lighting up the entire room with its warmth.

The hero stood on the hill, his armor refulgent under the light of dawn.

#113 | derelict 🏚️ (-)

IBA DU BBA 2019-20

Meaning: Derelict can have two primary meanings:

Adjective: Describes something abandoned, neglected, or in a state of disrepair, such as a building or property. It can also refer to a person being negligent in their duties or responsibilities.

Noun: Refers to someone who is homeless or a piece of property, such as a ship, that has been abandoned.

Connotation:

Negative as it implies neglect, abandonment, or irresponsibility.

As an Adjective:

Abandoned Property: "The once-grand mansion now stood derelict, its windows broken and its walls covered in ivy."

Negligence: "The company was accused of being derelict in its duty to protect its employees’ safety."

As a Noun:

Abandoned Object: "The ship became a derelict after the crew abandoned it during the storm."

Person: "The old man, a derelict in the eyes of society, found shelter under the bridge."

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#114 | propensity 🎯

IBA DU BBA 2005-06, 2015-16; MBA June 2011

(noun) – A natural tendency or inclination to behave in a certain way; predisposition; proclivity; affinity; inclination; disposition

Connotation & Implications

• Neutral: It simply describes a person's inclination toward something, whether good or bad.

• Positive: Can highlight a natural talent or positive habit.

• Negative: May suggest a predisposition toward an undesirable or harmful behavior.

Examples in Context

1️⃣ Bangladesh has a strong propensity for digital financial services, as seen in the rapid adoption of mobile banking and fintech platforms like bKash.

2️⃣ Despite repeated warnings, he showed a propensity for procrastination, always delaying work until the last moment.

3️⃣ Some individuals have a propensity to save rather than spend, making them more financially secure in the long run.

4️⃣ Due to his propensity for critical thinking, Arif quickly excelled in academic debates.

5️⃣ Researchers found that children exposed to books at an early age develop a propensity for lifelong learning.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#115 | sanction ⚖️

IBA DU BBA 1996-97

(Noun + Verb)- (Noun) Authorization; official permission or approval; endorsement.

(Verb) To approve, authorize, or give official permission.

Connotation:

🔹 Dual Connotation – Positive or Negative

• When referring to approval, it conveys legitimacy, authority, and endorsement.

• When referring to penalties, it implies restrictions, punitive action, or deterrence.

Often used in legal, political, and business contexts where approval or punitive measures are significant.

Implications in Context:

✅ A government may sanction a policy, officially approving its implementation.

✅ International organizations impose sanctions on countries as economic or political penalties.

✅ A company’s board of directors may sanction a major investment, signaling formal approval.

Example Sentences:

✅ The United Nations imposed economic sanctions on the country for violating international agreements.

✅ The board sanctioned the CEO’s expansion plan, allowing the company to enter new markets.

✅ Many governments use sanctions as a diplomatic tool to pressure foreign administrations.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#116 | pragmatic 🏗️

IBA DU BBA 2005-06; Rupali Bank SO 2013; BCS 29th

(Adjective) – Realistic, practical, and focused on results rather than ideals or theories. A pragmatic person or approach prioritizes what works in practice over abstract or theoretical ideas.

Connotation:

🔹 Neutral to Positive – Suggests practicality, efficiency, and realism but may sometimes imply a lack of idealism or vision.
🔹 Common in business, politics, and leadership, where practical solutions are often prioritized over theoretical or emotional considerations.

Implications in Context:

✅ Leaders with a pragmatic approach focus on results, solving problems efficiently instead of sticking to rigid ideologies.

✅ Businesses adopt pragmatic strategies when they prioritize cost-effective and workable solutions over ambitious but unrealistic plans.

✅ Politicians who are pragmatic make policy decisions based on what is achievable rather than what is idealistic or popular.

Example Sentences:

✅ The CEO took a pragmatic approach to cost-cutting, reducing expenses in non-essential areas while preserving employee benefits.

✅ A pragmatic foreign policy requires balancing national interests with global cooperation instead of making emotionally driven decisions.

✅ Unlike his predecessor, the new manager is more pragmatic, preferring small, achievable goals over ambitious, risky ventures.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#117 | repress 🚫

IBA DU BBA 1996-97

(Verb) – To hold back, conceal, or suppress emotions, desires, or actions. It refers to the act of intentionally or unconsciously preventing certain feelings or thoughts from being expressed or acknowledged.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative – Often suggests an unhealthy form of emotional suppression or avoidance, especially when done over an extended period.
🔹 Can imply psychological, emotional, or social control, where a person might suppress thoughts or behaviors that are considered unacceptable or troubling.

Implications in Context:

✅ A person may repress negative emotions like anger, leading to emotional numbness or psychological issues later.
✅ In a workplace environment, individuals may repress their opinions to avoid conflict or criticism, affecting their ability to contribute fully.
✅ Governments or authorities may repress certain political movements to maintain control or prevent dissent.

Example Sentences:

✅ After the heated argument, she tried to repress her frustration, unwilling to express how upset she truly felt.
✅ The company’s toxic culture made employees feel they had to repress their ideas, even if they had better solutions.
✅ The government's attempt to repress free speech drew significant international criticism, leading to widespread protests.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#118 | FORLORN 😞

IBA DU BBA 1996-97

(Adjective) – Describes a state of deep sadness, isolation, or abandonment. It can also indicate a situation or endeavor that seems doomed or has little chance of success.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative – Typically conveys a sense of hopelessness, loneliness, or failure. It implies that something or someone is in a sad, abandoned state or facing an inevitable downfall.
🔹 Commonly used in emotional, existential, and situational contexts to highlight despair or the absence of hope.

Implications in Context:

✅ Forlorn individuals may struggle with feelings of being disconnected from others, affecting their mental health and overall well-being.
✅ When used to describe projects or plans, forlorn highlights the unlikeliness of their success or completion, suggesting they might not be worth pursuing further.
✅ In business, a forlorn effort might refer to an initiative or product that lacks support, resources, or potential to thrive.

Example Sentences:

✅ He walked through the empty office, feeling utterly forlorn, knowing that the project had failed before it even started.
✅ The once-promising venture seemed forlorn, with no investors willing to take a chance on it.
✅ The campaign felt forlorn, as public opinion continued to shift away from its central message.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#119 | CONSTRICT 🐍

(Verb) – To tighten or narrow something by applying pressure. It can also mean to limit or restrict something, preventing it from growing or moving freely. In nature, it refers to the action of animals, such as snakes, wrapping tightly around prey to asphyxiate it.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative – The idea of constriction often brings a sense of restriction, suffocation, or being held back. While it can be a natural or necessary action (as in biology), it generally carries a sense of limitation.
🔹 Common in contexts where growth, freedom, or movement is stifled, either in a literal or metaphorical sense.

Implications in Context:

✅ In business, a company might constrict its spending during tough economic times, limiting opportunities for growth and innovation.
✅ In political contexts, laws that constrict personal freedoms or limit civil liberties can create an oppressive atmosphere.
✅ When discussing personal growth, the feeling of being constricted by external factors, such as societal pressure or rigid structures, can hinder one's potential to thrive.

Example Sentences:

✅ The economic downturn has constricted the flow of investment, making it difficult for startups to secure funding.
✅ His creativity felt constricted by the tight deadlines, leaving little room for experimentation.
✅ The snake constricted its prey, suffocating it slowly, ensuring that escape was impossible.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#120 | INHIBIT 🚫

IBA DU BBA 1999-00, 2011-12

(Verb) – To prevent or restrict something from happening, developing, or functioning fully. It refers to holding back or limiting an action, process, or behavior.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative – Typically implies a suppression or blockage of something that might otherwise be beneficial or expected. It suggests a hinderance to progress or freedom.
🔹 Often used in contexts where the natural flow or function of something is limited, whether it's behavior, growth, or a biological process.

Implications in Context:

✅ A company may inhibit innovation by discouraging new ideas or imposing overly strict policies that limit creativity.
✅ Certain chemicals can inhibit the growth of bacteria, a process useful in medicine and industry.
✅ Social pressures or rigid structures may inhibit an individual's ability to express themselves fully or pursue their goals.

Example Sentences:

✅ The new law could inhibit small businesses from expanding by adding unnecessary red tape.
✅ Excessive screen time can inhibit a child's cognitive development and social skills.
✅ The manager's rigid control over the team inhibited their ability to make decisions independently.

INHIBITION 🚷

(Noun) – The action of holding something back, restricting, or suppressing it, often referring to a psychological or physiological process. It can also describe a feeling or behavior that prevents action, expression, or development.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative or Neutral – Involves restraint or self-control, often leading to feelings of limitation or self-doubt. However, in some contexts, it can be seen as necessary for maintaining social order or personal discipline.
🔹 Common in psychological, biological, and social contexts, where something or someone is restricted from acting freely.

Implications in Context:

✅ Inhibitions can affect how freely people express emotions or creativity, often leading to missed opportunities or personal frustration.
✅ In a biological context, inhibition can refer to the prevention of an enzyme’s action or the suppression of certain bodily functions.
✅ Social inhibitions often govern behavior in public settings, guiding what is considered acceptable or unacceptable.

Example Sentences:

✅ His inhibition in public speaking made it difficult for him to communicate his ideas effectively.
✅ The medication was designed to reduce the inhibition of the immune system, allowing it to function normally.
✅ She felt a sense of inhibition in the meeting, unsure if her suggestions would be well-received.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#121 | FOMENT 🔥

(Verb) – To instigate, stir up, or encourage the development of something, especially undesirable feelings or actions, such as trouble, unrest, or conflict. It involves fostering or promoting an idea, emotion, or event.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative – Implies the encouragement or provocation of something potentially harmful or disruptive, like conflict or agitation.
🔹 Often used in political, social, and emotional contexts, where someone is believed to be encouraging negative situations or unrest.

Implications in Context:

✅ A leader or activist may foment public protests or unrest in response to perceived injustice or corruption.
✅ In a business context, fomenting competition might mean creating an environment of rivalry that can both drive innovation but also escalate tensions.
✅ Someone can foment anger or resentment through words or actions, leading to a larger conflict or societal issues.

Example Sentences:

✅ The politician was accused of trying to foment division among the public with inflammatory remarks.
✅ The activist group worked hard to foment social change, rallying people to demand their rights.
✅ His speech seemed designed to foment discord, rather than to bring about understanding or reconciliation.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#122 | VIGOROUSLY 💪

IBA DU BBA 1999-00

(Adverb) – In a strong, energetic, and forceful manner, often implying enthusiasm, intensity, or determination. It refers to actions or efforts that are done with great physical or mental effort.

Connotation:

🔹 Positive – Often associated with high energy, strong commitment, and a proactive approach to tasks. It implies a healthy and determined level of activity.
🔹 Can also imply intensity and enthusiasm when applied in contexts requiring focused effort.

Implications in Context:

✅ A vigorous exercise routine implies intense physical activity that improves fitness and strength.
✅ In a business setting, working vigorously means putting in maximum effort to achieve goals or overcome challenges.
✅ Vigorously advocating for change or improvement suggests passionate, determined action aimed at achieving significant results.

Example Sentences:

✅ The team worked vigorously to meet the project deadline, putting in extra hours to ensure everything was ready on time.
✅ The company has vigorously pursued new markets, investing heavily in research and development.
✅ She defended her position vigorously, arguing for the importance of the new policy in the meeting.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#123 | WAIVE 🚫

(Verb) – To refrain from enforcing or requiring something, often voluntarily. It means to relinquish or give up a right, claim, or requirement, typically in legal or formal contexts.

Connotation:

🔹 Neutral to Positive – Often implies a voluntary choice to forego a right or condition. It can convey flexibility or generosity in allowing exceptions or changes.
🔹 In legal or formal situations, it might also carry a sense of practicality, where one decides not to insist on certain conditions to simplify a process.

Implications in Context:

✅ In business, a company may waive a fee for loyal customers or in specific situations, like customer satisfaction efforts or special promotions.
✅ A legal waiver might be signed to relinquish certain rights or claims, allowing an agreement to proceed more smoothly.
✅ A manager might waive a requirement for a team member if circumstances suggest it's unnecessary or burdensome.

Example Sentences:

✅ The company decided to waive the application fee for students applying for scholarships.
✅ The contract includes a clause that allows either party to waive certain penalties under specific conditions.
✅ After the accident, she chose to waive her right to sue in exchange for a settlement.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#124 | OBLIVION 🧠

(Noun) – The state of being completely forgotten or unaware of one's surroundings, existence, or the past. It often refers to a state of unconsciousness, neglect, or the ultimate erasure of memory or existence.

Connotation:

🔹 Negative – Implies a loss of recognition or importance, often linked to a sense of neglect or obliviousness. It can also indicate a state of being disregarded or overlooked.
🔹 Can also refer to forgotten history or the end of something, like the end of a once-popular trend or idea.

Implications in Context:

✅ A business or product in oblivion is no longer in the public eye, often forgotten due to lack of success or innovation.
✅ The oblivion of certain historical events can lead to cultural amnesia, where future generations lose touch with important past lessons.
✅ Individuals facing oblivion might feel irrelevant or unimportant if their contributions or presence are ignored.

Example Sentences:

✅ After years of decline, the once-prominent tech company sank into oblivion, forgotten by most of its users.
✅ The controversial policy was soon consigned to oblivion, as new leaders moved forward with different priorities.
✅ She feared that her hard work would fade into oblivion, unnoticed by the company’s leadership.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ

#125 | LUMINOUS ✨

IBA DU BBA 1998-99; Sonali Bank SO 2013; EMBA DU Mar 2014; DU F 2019-20

(Adjective) – Emitting or reflecting light; glowing brightly. It can also describe something that is vivid, radiant, or exceptionally clear in a figurative sense.

Connotation:

🔹 Positive – Conveys a sense of brightness, clarity, or excellence. Often associated with beauty, intelligence, or inspiration.
🔹 Can also suggest radiance or a vivid presence in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Implications in Context:

✅ A luminous personality stands out due to its charm, intelligence, or inspiring qualities, often leaving a lasting impact on others.
✅ In business, a luminous idea or innovation shines brightly in the market, attracting attention and success.
✅ Luminous objects, like stars or light bulbs, are sources of light and can be metaphorically linked to providing guidance or hope.

Example Sentences:

✅ Her luminous smile lit up the room, making everyone feel welcome and at ease.
✅ The luminous achievements of the startup were recognized with multiple industry awards.
✅ The scientist’s luminous ideas transformed the way we understand renewable energy.

বাংলা:

মনে রাখার সহজ উপায়

বাংলা বাক্যে প্রয়োগ