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1. William Faulkner, being that he was a Southern writer, used Mississippi as a setting for most of his novels.

A. being that he was a Southern writer
B. a Southern writer
C. while a writer from the South
D. in origin a writer of the South
E. because of him being a writer from the South

2. Tadpoles hatch and metamorphose into small replicas of adult frogs although remaining in their aquatic birthplace.

A. although remaining
B. while remaining
C. in spite of it remaining
D. due to their remaining
E. in the course of which they remain

3. You cannot expect to treat your friends badly and no one notices.

A. and no one notices
B. and have no one notice
C. without notice by someone
D. without notice by no one
E. without the result of somebody noticing

4. The memoirs of President Clinton begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate in his rise to the presidency.

A. begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
B. that begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
C. have begun with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
D. have begun with his childhood in Arkansas and culminating
E. began with his childhood in Arkansas and are culminated

5. Because of ignoring its potential, biofeedback is a medical therapy most physicians reject.

A. Because of ignoring its potential, biofeedback is a medical therapy most physicians reject.
B. Biofeedback is rejected by most physicians because of their ignoring its potential.
C. Most physicians, because of ignoring the potential of biofeedback, and rejecting it.
D. Most physicians reject biofeedback because they ignore its potential.
E. A medical therapy rejected by most physicians, caused by ignoring its potential, is biofeedback.

6. In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman mistakenly believes that his sons have no flaws, believing which leads to many problems for the entire family.

A. believing which leads
B. a belief that leads
C. and which is to lead
D. the belief of which leads
E. his believing this leads

7. Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence as a reformer in the field of health care almost equals that of Florence Nightingale.

A. Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence as a reformer
B. Clara Barton, who was an American nurse and whose influence as a reformer
C. An American with influence as a nursing reformer, Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton was an American nurse whose influence as a reformer
E. An American, Clara Barton who was a nursing reformer and whose influence

8. During the summer months, several thousand people a day visit the park, which is known for its waterfalls and rock formations.

A. During the summer months, several thousand people a day visit the park, which is known for its waterfalls and rock formations.
B. Known for its waterfalls and rock formations, several thousand people a day visit the park during the summer months.
C. Several thousand people a day visit the park during the summer months known for its waterfalls and rock formations.
D. Several thousand people had visited the park a day, which is known for its waterfalls and rock formations during the summer months.
E. During the summer months, knowing its waterfalls and rock formations, several thousand people a day visit the park.

9. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he failed to keep either of them after the election.

A. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he
B. The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
C. Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and improve services, he
D. Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidate
E. The candidate's promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he

10. The students found fieldwork in the state forest more exciting and dangerous than any of them had anticipated, having to be rescued by helicopter during a fire.

A. anticipated, having to be
B. anticipated; when they had to be
C. anticipated: they had to be
D. anticipated: among which was their
E. anticipated, and so they had been

11. Chinese watercolors have become more popular than American and European artists who are their contemporaries.

A. American and European artists who are their contemporaries
B. contemporary American and European artists
C. those by contemporary American and European artists of the period
D. those of American and European pictures of the same period
E. those by contemporary American and European artists

12. In their zeal to make beachfront living widely available, developers have overbuilt, thereby they endanger fragile coastlines.

A. overbuilt, thereby they endanger fragile coastlines
B. overbuilt they endanger fragile coastlines as a result
C. overbuilt and thereby have endangered fragile coastlines
D. overbuilt; fragile coastlines endangered thereby
E. overbuilt, the fragile coastlines are endangered by this

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