1. The amount of garbage produced in the United States could be reduced by recycling trash, minimizing packaging, and developing new technology for incinerators and landfills.

A. and developing new technology
B. and if they develop new technology
C. and also by developing new technology
D. and new technology being developed
E. and if there was new technology

2. Tickets are available at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance.

A. at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance
B. at the box office; they can be picked up one hour before the performance
C. one hour before the performance, they can be picked up at the box office
D. and that can be picked up at the box office one hour before the performance
E. at the box office, one hour before the performance is when they can be picked up

3. Medical research now emphasizes that the best treatment for many diseases is the body's own defenses being stimulated.

A. the best treatment for many diseases is the body's own defenses being stimulated
B. the best treatment for many diseases is stimulation of the body's own defenses
C. there should be stimulation of the body's own defenses for the best treatment for many diseases
D. there should be a stimulation of the body's own defenses to achieve the best treatment for many diseases
E. the body's own defenses should have stimulation for the best treatment for many diseases

4. Some political scientists are convinced that the major conflict toward democracy and communism is moral.

A. toward democracy and communism is moral
B. is a moral one between democracy and communism
C. between democracy, compared to communism, is a moral one
D. is a moral one for democracy, compared to communism
E. between democracy and communism is a moral one

5. Until just recently many students would take lengthy trips during spring break rather than temporary jobs like now.

A. break rather than temporary jobs like now
B. break instead of temporary jobs like now
C. break; now they take temporary jobs
D. break; instead, students are taking temporary jobs
E. break, but now it is temporary jobs

6. To meet the college's requirement of service to her community, 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity were volunteered by Laurie.

A. 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity were volunteered by Laurie
B. Laurie volunteered 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity
C. 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity was what Laurie volunteered
D. through 40 hours of volunteering by Laurie to Habitat for Humanity
E. Laurie, to Habitat for Humanity, was volunteering 40 hours of her time

7. Reviews of books and films have generally been exempt from the standards of libel that are applied to news stories, but they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and criticism.

A. they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and criticism
B. questions are now being asked by them as to the distinction between reporting and criticism
C. the distinction between reporting and criticism is now being questioned
D. the question they are asking now is whether there is a distinction between reporting and criticism
E. the distinction they make between reporting and criticism is now questioned

8. A writer who well understood the plight of the underprivileged, many acclaim Richard Wright as the novelist of the downtrodden.

A. many acclaim Richard Wright as
B. many have acclaimed Richard Wright as
C. Richard Wright is being acclaimed by many as
D. Richard Wright has been widely acclaimed as
E. widely acclaimed is Richard Wright as

9. Having no additional funds to spend, the meeting of the budget committee was promptly concluded.

A. the meeting of the budget committee was promptly concluded
B. the meeting of the budget committee concluded promptly
C. the conclusion of the budget committee meeting was prompt
D. the budget committee promptly concluded its meeting
E. the budget committee's meeting was promptly concluded

10. In the early songs of the Beatles, one hears plaintive Blues-inspired melodies that would seem to be more a product of rural southern America than an English industrial city.

A. a product of rural southern America than an English industrial city
B. a product from rural southern America than that of an English industrial city
C. produced in rural southern America than by an English industrial city
D. a product out of rural southern America than from an English industrial city
E. a product of rural southern America than of an English industrial city

11. In 1968 air pollution from automobile exhaust, particularly like that in the Los Angeles environs,became of an increasingly more urgent concern to environmentalists.

A. like that in the Los Angeles environs, became of an increasingly more urgent
B. of the sort found in the Los Angeles area, became an increasingly urgent
C. such as you have in the area of Los Angeles, became of increasingly more urgent
D. like the kind in and around Los Angeles and its environs, became an increasingly urgent
E. the kind similar to the Los Angeles area, became an increasingly more urgent

12. Although long considered a vestigial organ that has no function in humans, the appendix, some scientists believe, may have a significant role as part of the body's immune system.

A. the appendix, some scientists believe, may have
B. the appendix, which, some scientists believe, may have
C. the appendix, in the belief of some scientists, is possibly having
D. the appendix is believed by some scientists as perhaps having
E. some scientists believe the appendix may have